Vitamin B12 deficiency can manifest in a variety of ways, often subtly at first, before escalating into more severe symptoms. Common signs include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Pale or jaundiced skin
- Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Cognitive disturbances such as memory loss or confusion
- Mood changes, including depression and irritability
Research from the journal Nutrients (2022) highlights that Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly prevalent in vegetarians, vegans, and the elderly due to dietary restrictions or absorption issues (Nutrients, MDPI).
Another study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2021) emphasizes the link between low B12 levels and neurodegenerative conditions, underscoring the need for early detection (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition).